![]() summarize the types of polarized driving fields, the polarized fields separate charge carriers, and the applications of typical piezoelectric materials in piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric-photocatalysis, ,, ,, ].Ĭompared to previous publications, our review describes spontaneous polarization-induced ferroelectric potentials (polarization potentials, piezoelectric potentials, and pyroelectric potentials) and systematically summarizes the electric field's principles in multi-energy-driven catalysis. focused on several piezoelectric materials and their applications in environmental remediation (sewage treatment, hydrogen production, etc.). summarized the catalytic mechanism after introducing piezoelectric potential. systematically summarized BaTiO 3 in photocatalytic wastewater treatment and proposed an optimized method for broadening the light absorption and photogenerated carrier transfer. In recent years, several reviews have summarized the contribution of built-in electric field to catalytic efficiency. Many piezoelectrics such as ZnO, , ], CdS, MoS 2, MoSe 2, WS 2, ZnS, NaNbO 3, black-P, BTO (BaTiO 3), BFO (BiFeO 3), PTO (PbTiO 3), have been shown to have good catalytic properties in the degradation of organic molecules (pollutants), energy conversion (including: water splitting, organic dehydrogenation, nitrogen fixation, and CO 2 reduction) by using external energy such as solar energy, mechanical energy and thermal energy. Piezoelectrics can induce a built-in electric field spontaneously or by external excitation (mechanical interaction, temperature change, etc.), setting off a piezo-catalytic frenzy. However, recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs limits the photoelectric conversion efficiency, ,, ]. In recent years, photoelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric effects from semiconductors and piezoelectrics have shown attractive potential to convert external energy into chemical energy, which is likely to become a “rising star” for future clean energy conversion, output useable energy from solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, etc.Ĭonventional semiconductors were first shown to have the potential to convert solar energy into hydrogen energy. Compared with traditional industrial hydrogen production methods, hydrogen production from natural energy and water has become a highly anticipated technology, whose advantages include: 1) Huge reserves for long-term usage. ![]() These crises urgently warn us to develop new hydrogen production methods. Despite the high purity of electrolyzed water, electricity is still provided by burning traditional fossil energy. However, producing green energy at the expense of traditional energy is contrary to sustainable development, , ]. The raw materials for industrial hydrogen production mainly come from traditional fossil energy. In terms of energy efficiency, hydrogen combustion value is one order of higher than that of traditional fuels (H 2 can reach up to 1.4 × 10 5 kJ/kg). From environmental protection, hydrogen combustion only produces water and will not cause any harm to the environment. H 2 has attracted extensive attention in green energy as a possible substitute for fossil energy. Therefore, it is vital to seek sustainable human development, efficient energy conversion efficiency, and achieve net-zero emissions in the future. Moreover, releasing greenhouse gases and harmful substances has caused irreversible vicious circles. After hundreds of years of exploitation, fossil energy reserves are reduced. Since the industrial revolution, the large-scale exploitation of fossil energy has effectively promoted most countries development while bringing severe environmental problems. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of ferroelectric catalysis water splitting are discussed. The factors affecting the multi-energy catalysis water splitting are summarized. The characteristics of various catalytic types are discussed in detail. According to inputting energies, ferroelectric catalysis can be divided into three types: photo-catalysis, piezo-catalysis, and pyro-catalysis, which are introduced separately. This review evaluates the major progress of ferroelectric multi-energy/coupled-catalysis water splitting. ![]() In recent years, ferroelectrics have emerged as multifunctional catalysts for suppressing electron-hole pair recombination, greatly improving the utilization of clean energy due to their unique spontaneous polarization. However, electron-hole pairs’ recombination limits their further improvement. H 2, as a green fuel with high combustion value, has been produced via photocatalytic by semiconductors. People are looking for alternative and clean energy sources to replace the fossil energy.
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